Shoulder pain is one of the most common reasons for orthopedic consultations and, in many cases, is related to the rotator cuff—a group of muscles and tendons that allow this joint to move and remain stable. When these tissues become inflamed or torn, the consequences can range from mild discomfort to the inability to move the arm.

According to Dr. Jorge Cervantes, orthopedic surgeon and arthroscopist, “the rotator cuff is essential for shoulder function. When it becomes damaged, whether due to overuse, aging, or a sudden injury, daily life can become seriously limited—even simple tasks such as combing your hair, getting dressed, or sleeping on the affected side.”

Tendinitis: The First Warning Sign

Rotator cuff tendinitis occurs when the tendons become inflamed, causing pain during repetitive overhead arm movements. Everyday activities such as working at a computer, sleeping on the same shoulder, or practicing sports like swimming, tennis, or baseball can trigger this condition.

Dr. Cervantes explains that “in the early stages, symptoms are usually mild and appear only during certain activities, but if left untreated, they can progress to nighttime pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.”

Tears: From Partial Injuries to Complete Ruptures

When the tendons of the rotator cuff weaken or are subjected to excessive strain, they can tear partially or completely. Acute tears often result from a fall or a sudden movement while lifting weight, whereas chronic tears develop over time in people with untreated tendinitis.

“A partial tear can improve with rest, physical therapy, and medication, but when we’re dealing with complete ruptures, surgery is often the only way to restore shoulder function,” the specialist emphasizes.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is made through physical examination, X-rays, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury—ranging from ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and strengthening exercises to injections and arthroscopic surgery.

“The most important message is not to ignore shoulder pain. If it lasts more than a few days or limits your activities, it’s time to see a specialist. Addressing these injuries early can make the difference between conservative treatment and complex surgery,” warns Dr. Cervantes.

Prevention: The Key to Protecting Your Shoulders

Adopting good posture, avoiding repetitive overhead movements, warming up before exercising, and listening to your body’s signals are essential measures to prevent these injuries.

“Preventive care is just as important as treatment. A healthy shoulder ensures freedom of movement—and with it, a better quality of life,” concludes Dr. Jorge Cervantes.